by GP49 Fri Nov 15, 2013 12:37 pm
"Line level" is a nominal signal level in decibels, compared to a reference standard.
So you have to start from the reference standard, then make assumptions as to what the nominal line level is going to be.
For the reference standard, consumer applications generally use dBV (Decibel volts) while professional equipment uses dBu (Decibels unloaded).
Consumer equipment: 0dB = One dBv = 1 volt RMS across a 1kΩ load (the voltage needed to develop 1 mW across 1kΩ).
Professional equipment: 0dB = One dBu = 0.775 volt RMS across a 600Ω load (the voltage needed to develop 1 mW across 600Ω).
The most common (this is where assumptions come in) nominal line level for consumer equipment is −10 dBV, or 0.316 volts RMS/0.447 volts peak amplitude (double that for peak-to-peak).
The most common (this is where assumptions come in) nominal line level for professional equipment is +4 dBu, or 1.228 volts RMS/1.736 volts peak amplitude (double that for peak-to-peak).
Note that other assumptions can be made than the most common, resulting in possible mismatches between components.
NOTE: I do remember that in the alignment process for some consumer equipment - specific example I can remember right now, TEAC reel-to-reel decks - the manufacturer specified 0 dB at the professional-standard 0.775 volts...or maybe TEAC considered them "professional."